相信很多考生在写作中都会遇到同样的问题，那就是无法用英语地道地表达出来自己的意思。

实际上这些问题只是表象，深层的原因在于写作素材的积累不足。

本文准备了 60 条涉及托福写作高频题材的短语，只要考生们可以按照句型记忆，灵活运用这些短语，积累相应的素材，最后一定能够走上托福写作高分之路，最后得到理想的分数！

 

 

教育类短语

托福独立写作话题学校教育类中有这样几个突出的题目类型：选课类、学校花费的问题、教师的问题、教育和国家的发展。

本文所介绍的只是一些短语，单单背诵短语不足以支撑输出，所以需要考生们要想办法把短语放到段落中去应用，再把段落运用到自己的文章之中，这样就会做到熟能生巧，进而达到高分作文的要求。

当考生审题之后，确定题目为教育类别之后，就可以头脑风暴自己背诵的短语了，然后短语造句，句子连成一段，最后形成一篇高分作文。

以下是一些能够帮助考生在涉及到教育类写作时能够画龙点睛的 20 条短语，望考生们能够熟记。

motivate sb. to do sth.

鼓励 / 刺激某人做某事

Some people argue that examinations do not motivate students to read extensively.

一些人认为考试并没有刺激到学生去广泛地阅读。
put theory into practice

把理论运用到实践中

One good way to learn is to put theory into practice.

把理论付诸实践是一种学习的好方法。
impart knowledge

传授知识

The teachers' responsibility is to impart knowledge.

教师的责任就是传授知识。
expand one's knowledge

拓展知识

Firstly you can expand your knowledge by watching TV.

首先，你可以通过看电视来扩大你的知识。
kindle one's interest with sth.

用某事唤起 / 激起某人的兴趣

The speaker tried to kindle the crowd's interest with a lively speech.

演讲者试图以生动活泼的讲话来激起听众的兴趣。
extracurricular activities

课外活动

In addition to my studies, I got involved in lots of extracurricular activities.

除了学习以外，我参加许多课外活动。
burn the midnight oil

学习或工作到深夜

Some of the students often burn the midnight oil before exams.

一些学生常在考试前开夜车。
study intensively  

高强度地学习

As long as we study intensively, we can be sure to realize and master the regular pattern of language structure.

只要我们进行高强度地学习，就一定能进一步认识和掌握语言结构的规律。
a healthy/positive outlook on life

健康 / 积极的人生态度

Optimism is a healthy outlook on life.

乐观是一种健康的人生观。
well-adjusted adults

能够很好地适应社会生活的成年人

They are happy, well-adjusted young adults who are ready to surpass the achievements of previous generations.

他们是快乐的年轻人，能够很好地适应新环境并时刻准备着超越前辈。
mould one's character

塑造某人的性格

The peaceful and auspicious atmosphere in the room is the best circumstances in which one can mould his character.

宁静祥和的居室气氛，是陶冶情操的境地。
the responsibility for sth. falls on sb.

某人肩负着做某事的责任

The responsibility for protecting her children fell on the mother.

这个妈妈肩负着保护她孩子们的责任。
slack off   

学习或工作不努力，懈怠

Without stress, you may slack off and idle away your time.

没有压力，你会懈怠并浪费你的时间。
compulsory subject

必修科目

English is a compulsory subject for college students.

英语是大学生的必修课。
optional subjects/courses

选修科目

In order to promote non-English majors' oral English skill and intercultural communication ability, public speaking optional subject has been integrated into English curriculum in my college.

为提高非英语专业学生口头表达能力和跨文化交际能力，我校开设了英语演讲选修课。
academic attainment

学生在学业方面取得的成就

Ph.D. is a mark of academic attainment.

博士学位（Ph.D.）代表学术上的成就。
drop out of school

辍学

My father accepted my decision to drop out of school.

我父亲接受了我辍学的决定.
lay a foundation for

为某事打下基础

A man of application would presently lay a foundation for a family.

一个勤勉的人就能够很快打下一个家庭的基础。
academic qualifications

学历

Applicants should provide a detailed account of their academic qualifications.

申请人须于申请表格内详列所取得的学历。
instill high moral values

灌输崇高的道德观念

The teachers should instill high moral values in their students.

老师应该给学生灌输崇高的道德观念。

工作类短语

工作类话题主要是针对员工和管理者之间发生的诸多问题而引出的。

考生们可以根据两类人入手，即员工和管理者。

就员工关注的事情来说有：竞争的收入、完善的福利制度、潜在的发展前景、身心健康和同事之间的关系。

就管理者关注的事情来说有：增加利润 / 降低成本、产品研发、员工忠诚、市场宣传、客户满意度和企业文化。

考生们可以审题确定类别之后对自己掌握的短语进行定位，以点带面，最终形成一篇高质量高分托福作文。以下是本文整理的 20 条工作类短语。

pursue maximum profit

追求限度利润

How, as a bank, do we pursue maximum profit?

那么，我们的银行怎么设法赚取限度的利润呢?
operating costs

运营成本

Operating costs jumped from £85.3 million to £95 million.

运营成本从 8530 万英镑激增至 9500 万英镑。
feel a sense of accomplishment/pride/superiority/honor/inferiority

有成就感

Whenever I think of the arduousness in my early days and the long road to success, I will feel a sense of accomplishment.

每当我想到早年的艰辛和漫漫成功之路时，就会有种成就感。
go bankrupt

破产

In spite of the recession, the markets are telling them to either straighten out their problems or go bankrupt.

在经济萧条的阴影下，市场正在告诉他们，要么理顺自己的问题，要么走向破产。
routine work

日常的惯例工作

Routine work often makes one feel bored, but if you take a trip or a long journey on your holidays to some scenic spots or historic sites, that will make great difference.

日常工作往往使人感到无聊，但如果你在假期进行一次短途或长途的旅行，去看一些风景名胜区或历史古迹，这将会使你的生活发生很大改变。
brain drain

人才流失

If the employer can meet the need of their staffs, the brain drain will not be a problem.

如果雇主能够满足员工的需要，人才流失将不会是一个问题。
excessive workload

过重的工作负担

About 200,000 teachers reported stress due to excessive workload over the last two years, research revealed.

研究显示，近 200,000 名教师由于过去两年工作负担过重而受到压力。
work under enormous stress

工作压力很大

Right now he is working under enormous stress.

现在他正处于巨大的工作压力下。
work ethic

敬业精神

We have been very impressed by his intelligence, integrity, creativity and work ethic.

他的智慧、正直、创造力和敬业精神令我们印象十分深刻。
cause friction between ... and … 

导致（人际关系里）小的摩擦

The Sino-American trade friction cause the tension between the two governments.

中美贸易摩擦导致两国关系的紧张。
occupational disease

职业病

This research aims to learn the status of occupational disease hazard program reports in Luohu District of Shenzhen.

该调查的目的是了解深圳市罗湖区职业病危害项目申报情况。
beget/create undue pressure   

产生不必要的压力

She is reprimanded for creating undue pressure on her client.

她因给顾客产生过度的压力而受责备。
feel out of one's element

对（新环境等）感到不适应

I feel out of my element when people begin talking economics.

当人们谈起经济学的时候，我就觉得无所适从了。
job prospects

职业前景

The job prospects for those graduating in engineering are far less rosy now than they used to be.

现在那些工科毕业生的工作前景大不如从前。
sedentary lifestyle

缺少运动的生活方式

Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has been linked with an increased risk of heart disease.

肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式被认为会增加患心脏病的几率。
job satisfaction

工作满意度

Job satisfaction means the extent to which an individual employee is content and happy with his or her job.

工作满意度指的是员工个体对自己工作的满意和快乐程度。
be well-staffed  

员工素质高的

The house allocated to them was pleasant and spacious, and well-staffed.

分配给他们的房子舒适宽敞，并配齐了精良的工作人员。
flexible arrangement

灵活的安排

This flexible arrangement can be adjusted to suit the issues being discussed by the Committee.

这一灵活安排可以加以调整，以适应委员会正在讨论的问题。
be entitled to sth. 

享有某种权利 

Nobody is entitled to borrow the book indefinitely.

没有人可以无限期地借阅这本书。
have a market share of

拥有……的市场占有率

Today, we have a large market share of our new products in the world.

今天，我们的新产品已在世界市场上占据了很大的市场份额。

环境类短语

在面对环境类问题时，我们可以从与环境相关的关键词入手，例如，政府和个人可以分别采取什么措施改善环境，可以就环保和节约两个层面进行论述。

其次要想写出一篇高质量的文章，地道的短语必不可少。

考生们需要积累相应的环境类别的短语，并能够熟练应用于句子之中，同时也要注意积累写作常用句式，因为好的句子能够改善和提高文章的可读性。

只有做好积累，考生才能够在考场上文思泉涌，最后得到高分！

以下是本文总结的 20 条环境类短语，熟练运用这些短语，一定会给给人眼前一亮的感觉。

vicious circle

恶性循环

They urged their governments to break out of the vicious circle by peace initiatives of their own.

他们敦促政府，提出自己的和平倡议，以便摆脱恶性循环。
endangered species

濒危物种

We can see a number of rare and endangered species breeding here.

我们可以看到很多稀有的濒临灭绝的物种在这里繁衍生息。
cause irreversible damage

造成不可逆转的破坏

Ecologists were angry with the plan, saying it would destroy Lantau as a green lung and cause irreversible damage to the environment.

生态学家对这个计划感到很生气，说它会毁掉大屿山这一片绿肺，并对环境造成不可逆转的破坏。
upset the ecosystem

扰乱生态系统

The oil spill off the coast of Alaska has greatly upset the ecosystem there.

在阿拉斯加近海的原油泄漏极大地破坏了那里的生态系统。
oil shortage  

石油短缺

The government has to provide against a possible oil shortage in the coming months.

政府必须为未来几个月中可能出现的油荒做好准备。
car emissions/exhaust fumes

汽车尾气

First of all, car emissions are having an immeasurable effect on the world's climate.

首先，汽车尾气的排放正以无可预测的速度影响着全球气候。
at the expense of

以……为代价

He built his business at the expense of his health.

他以健康为代价创立了他的事业。
adverse effect

负面影响

The austerity measures will have little immediate adverse effect on the average Moroccan.

财政紧缩政策不会对普通的摩洛哥人产生直接的负面影响。
non-biodegradable material

生物不可降解的材料

As we all known plastic bags are non-biodegradable material and it will stay in the soil for a long time.

众所周知，塑料袋是生物不可降解的材料，它会在土壤中停留很长一段时间。
ecological degradation

生态恶化

At present, regional poverty and ecological degradation form a vicious circle.

目前，区域贫困和生态环境退化已形成了恶性循环。
reusable/recyclable material

可以被重复利用的材料

This metal scrap is also a recyclable material.

这些破铜烂铁也是可回收利用的物资呢。
industrial waste  

工业废料 

Industrial waste must be prevented from polluting our rivers.

必须禁止工业废料污染我们的河流。
respiratory diseases

呼吸系统疾病

Insist on prevention, combining prevention, prevention is more important than treatment is the key to control respiratory diseases.

坚持预防为主、养防结合、防重于治是控制呼吸道疾病的关键。
be in short supply

处在短缺状态中

Apples are likely to be in short supply this winter.

今冬苹果可能供应不足。
fossil fuel

化石燃料

Finally, we should use clean energy replace of fossil fuel and reduce the burning of garbage.

最后，我们应该使用清洁能源代替化石燃料和减少垃圾的燃烧。
sustainable development

可持续发展

To achieve sustainable development and a life of dignity for all, we must address these issues.

为实现可持续发展和人人过上有尊严的生活，我们必须解决这些问题。
renewable resources

可再生资源

New systems must maximize the role of ecological mechanisms and emphasize the use of renewable resources.

新的系统应发挥生态机制的作用并重视可再生资源的利用.
non-renewable resources 不可再生资源

Locally grown food is an environmentally friendly means of obtaining food, since supermarkets that import their food use more fossil fuels and non-renewable resources.

本地出产的食物是比较环保的，因为超市从外地进购这些产品的话会耗费更多燃料和不可再生资源。
harsh actions/measures

严厉的措施

As the Times reports, ETS admitted it has never before taken such harsh measures.

正如《纽约时报》报道的那样， 美国教育考试服务中心（ETS）承认他们从未采取过这样严厉的措施。
put a strain on the resources/stretch resources to the limit

让资源承受很大压力

Some Singaporeans feel that too many foreign workers put a strain on the island state's resources causing problems such as an overcrowded public transport system.

一些新加坡人觉得大量的外国工人对岛上资源造成了很大压力，也导致了公共交通系统过于拥挤等问题。

Four trips would already stretch those resources to the limit.

运四趟已经给资源造成很大压力了。（资源有限）

托福写作对词汇和语法都是有一定的要求的，所以考生们平时一定要多注意学习和积累，基本功一定要扎实。

其次就是审题和思路，看到写作题目时要理清自己的思路，注意审题，这就需要考生们平日里多接触各种领域的英文文章素材，做好素材的储备工作，这样写作时才能够有话可说。

最后需要考生们对范文进行分析，迅速建立起自己的语库和资料源，然后就是大量的练习，所谓熟能生巧就是如此。

本文所整理的这 60 条短语能够对在考生写作中起到画龙点睛的作用，希望考生们仔细记忆，熟练应用，只要功夫深，铁杵磨成针，No pain no gain，祝愿你们最后都能考到理想的分数！