主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数上要一致。 把握主谓一致问题， 考生主要解决的是对不同结构的主语 单复数的认定，进而选择适当的谓语。 解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：   

语法一致原则    

意义一致原则    

就近一致原则     

很多情况下应该综合利用这三个原则来处理主谓一致， 在不同情况下可能应用三个原则中的不同原 则，具体应用哪种原则应该视具体情况而定。总结如下：     

一．谓语动词用单数的情况   

1 ．动名词短语、不定式短语、名 词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。 

如：Buying cl othes is often a time-consuming job be cause those clothes that a person  lik es are r a rely the cones that fit him or her .     

(1987 年考研题 )   

T o  understand the s ituation c o mpletely requ ires more thought than has been giv e n  thus far .

2 ．表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等 度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。  

T w o weeks w a s too long   

Fiv e times fiv e  mak es twenty fiv e     

3 ．一般用 and 连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候， 谓语用复数， 但是下面用 and 连接的主语表

示一个概念，谓语用单数：      

la w and order  法制   soap and w a ter  肥皂水    

a cup and saucer  茶杯碟子  fork  and  knife  刀叉    

the needle and thread  针线   trial and error  反复尝试，不断摸索   

 horse and carriage  马车   time and tide  岁月    

bread and butter  奶油面包   the ebb and flow  盛衰，潮涨潮落    

如：If law and order not preserv e d, n e ither  the citiz e n nor his propert y  is safe.   

 A. is B . are C. w a s d. were    答案： A 。     

4 ．表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形 式，作主语时候谓语动词用单数形式      

Linguistic s is a br anch of study on human lang uage.     

5 ．有些名词形式上是复数，意义上是单数， 根据意义一致原则动词用单数      

The chaos w a s stopped by the police    The news is a great encour agement to us    

A series of debates between the lectures  w as sch eduled for the next week end.     

6 ．用 and  连接的成份表示一个单一概念时候，动词谓语用单数形式      

Bread and butter i s  our daily food    

Time and tide w a its for no man 

二．   谓语用复数情况   

1 ．   由 and, both  … and,  连接的并列主语，和 both ,a few, many ,several  等修饰语后

面谓语动词通常用复数形式。      

F e w people know he and I were classmates when we were at college.     

2 ．集体名词 police,  public,  militia, c a ttle ,class ,yout h 后常用复数形式的动词      

The Chinese people are b r av e and hardworking    

The cattle are g r azi n g in the sunshine   

3 ．当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语，谓语动词用复数形式      

The Japanese were once v e ry aggressiv e      

4 ．某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人，做 主语时候，谓语动词用复数      

The rich a r e not alwa ys selfish     

5 ．不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复 数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数      

Three million tons of coal were exported that y e ar       

三．谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数的情况 

1 ．   就近一致原则      

这种情况下， 谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数， 存在这种情况的主 要由以下几种可能：   1 ） 由连词  either … or … ; neither … nor … ; whether …  or … ; n ot only … but (also) ;or  等连 接的并列主语    

Neither money nor fame has influence on me    

Not only y o u but also he is wrong      

2)  在倒装结构中，谓语动词与后面的个主语一致    

Blocking the open-sided porch, fr amed  by the en v e loping fog, stands a tall  gr a v e-faced policeman.    Just outside the ruins is a magnific ent building surrounded by tall trees.    

Although a great number of houses in that  area are still in need of repair , there has  been impr o v ement in the facili  

2 ．主语带有（ together/along ） with, such as, accom p anied by, as well as, no less than, except, besides, with, combined  with, in addition  to , including, together with  等等附加成分，谓语的数不受附加成 分的影响仍然与主语保持一致      

Profess o r T a ylor , with six  of his students ,is attendin g a conference in Boston  organiz e d to compare current pr actice in the Un ited States with those of other nations.    

The presi d ent of the college, to gether with the deans, is pl anning a conference for the  purpose of la ying down certa i n regulations. (1981 年考研题 )    

3 ．关系代词做主语的定语从句中 ，谓语的数要与先行词一致。

如：Despite much research, there are still certain  elements in the life  cy cle of the insect  that are not fully understood. （ 1996 年考研题）              

There are man y  v a luable services which the pu blic are willing to pa y for ,  but which do  not bring a return in money to the community .    （ 1990 年考研题）

4 ．一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时候， 谓语动词的数 取决于名词的数， 名词是复数， 谓语动词用复数，反之就用单数。这些短语包括： a lot of /lots  of; plent y  of/ h eaps of; half o f ; two-third (three- fourth…)  of; eighty(ten, twenty … ) p ercent; part o f ; re st of ; none of  等等      

T w o-thirds of  people present are women   

 Lots of da mage w as caused by the fire 

5 ．集体名词作主语时， 谓语动词的数取决于 主语表示的意思和数， 当表示整体时候， 谓语动词就用单数，当强调集体中的个体时候，谓语动词 就用复数。这些集体名词如： ar my, audience, band ,government ,gro up ,flock,  p o lice,  public ,staff ,team , t roop.  Crowd, firm, fa mily  等等       

The family is the basic unit of our society    

The family were watching the TV    

The audience w a s enormous    

The audience were greatly mo v e d at t h e words     

6 ．某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数：      

组：a great man y  +  可数名词复数   谓语用复数    

a number  of +  可数名词复数   谓语用复数    

the majority of +  可数名词复数   谓语用复数      

第二组；the number of +  可数名词复数   谓语用单数    

each/ev e ry +  可数名词复数   谓语用单数    

neither/ei ther of +  可数名词复数   谓语用单数    

one and a half +  可数名词复数   谓语用单数      

第三组；more than one +  可数名词单数   谓语用单数   

man y  a +  可数名词单数   谓语用单数

第四组；the greater part of    

a large pr oportion of    

50% of    

one third of    

plent y  of    

the rest of    

谓语的数与 of  后面的名词一致      

第五组；(n)either … (n)or … .   

not only ….. but also ……    

not …..but ……    

谓语的数与主语的第二部分（即 (n)or/ but also/ but 引导的后面部分）一致 .   

注意比较：More students than one  ha v e  been refe rred to    

More than one student is  going to buy  this book      

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