在考研英语阅读理解题中,词义句义题可以说是同学们的“老大难”了。面对这种题,大家是否有种手足无措的感觉:本身就看不懂单词的意思,又无从下手。今天新航道好轻松课堂为大家献上一条锦囊妙计,揭示词义句意题的“庐山真面目”。让我们以2014年英语一的text one为例,巧用句子逻辑,破解词义句意题。
首先,我们来展示一下2014年这道词义句意题,以及它对应的解题段落。
22.The phrase, “to sign on” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means________.
[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.
[B]to accept the government‘s restrictions on the allowance.
[C]to register for an allowance from the government.
[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.
(Para.2) More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker‘s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.
首先,看到这道题时,大家心里一定心中窃喜:“这个词我认识!,签字嘛!”。但是一看选项没有表示签字意思的选项。这是因为我们的词义句意题考察的往往都是超纲词或者熟词生义,从字面上不能推出答案。所以大家就陷入了一个解题的dilemma(僵局)当中了。
那么,面对这种熟词生义的题,我们怎么入手呢?我们可以考虑句子内容和句子间的语义逻辑关系,简而言之就是和上下文的联系,去解这道词义句意题。首先,我们看划线词所在的句子:
“Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed.
大家有没有看出来,这句话里面就有一个隐藏的解题线索: looking for work, not looking to sign on. 这个表达符合英语逻辑关系中的“A,not B”结构。在这个结构中A和not B意思是一致的,而A和B 的意思是相反的。举个例子来说:大家上课要注意听讲,不要打“荣耀”(We should listen carefully, not play game King of Honor during the class). 在这句话中,上课认真听讲和不打游戏都是值得肯定的,但是听讲和打游戏确实相反的。
那么,按照这个思路,我们再来看这个题。大家能推出什么呢? looking for work(找工作) 和looking to sign on是什么关系呢? 相反关系!很好,大家离我们的成功又近了一步,也就是说,looking to sign on 我们就可以理解为 “不找工作”。我们再看一下选项。
[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre. (去就业中心查看可以提供的工作)
[B]to accept the government‘s restrictions on the allowance.(去接受政府对于津贴的限制)
[C]to register for an allowance from the government.(去注册一个政府津贴)
[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.(去参加政府组织的工作技能培训)
显而易见的是,A和D都是表示找工作,所以我们排除A,D。我们再来看B,C里面都提到的一个词叫allowance(津贴)。这时候我们可以回到文中找到这个词,它就在我们定位句的前面。
There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker‘s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed.
也就是说,政府规定,如果你想领取这个就业津贴,那么你就需要等待七天,这七天的头几天必须要去找工作。那么换言之,如果我接受政府对于津贴的限制,那么我就要去找工作,所以[B]选项to accept the government‘s restrictions on the allowance.(去接受政府对于津贴的限制)也是去找工作,不符合题意,所以也可以排除。所以答案是[C] to register for an allowance from the government.(去注册一个政府津贴)。我们也可以联系上文提到的In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. (为了让生活变得更好,减轻人们对于政府的依赖,乔治奥斯本,英国财政大臣,引进了“让工作现行”的计划)。这个计划的目的就是刺激人们就业,减少对于津贴的依赖,那么我们这道题中,一个表示不找工作的就是[C] to register for an allowance from the government.(去注册一个政府津贴)。
通过这个题,我们可以学习到,巧妙地利用定位句中的逻辑关系,可以帮助我们排除选项,进行解题。在以后的学习过程中,同学们也要多多积累,多多总结,才能把这些锦囊妙计为自己所用。
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