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本场考试Part 3题型也是单选题和匹配题的组合。话题和商业合作相关，有一定难度。同学们备考时也要注意整理积累相似场景的词汇。本场考试Part 2和Part3都出现了匹配题，除了梳理选项信息外，Part 3还需关注常考考点如人称考点，加强常用技巧如判断感情色彩的应用。剑雅19 Test4 Part3，剑雅20 Test2 Part3，剑雅20 Test3 Part3都是单选题和匹配题的组合练习，可供同学们参考练习。

（待回忆）

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这篇P1如同假期限定杀手，去年8月2日就已出现，今日与大家再次见面，文章话题还是熟悉的“xxx的发展史“，属于非常典型的说明文，时间线清晰，定位不是难题，文章内容主要围绕人类如何认识、制造、使用和理解颜色展开，时间线往往从自然界中的颜色现象写起，逐步发展到人工染料、工业化生产以及颜色在文化、艺术或社会中的作用变化。大家可以参考C9-Test 1-Passage 1 William Henry Perkin The man who invented synthetic dyes以及C12-Test 8-Passage 1的The History of Glass熟悉相关话题词汇和文章脉络结构哦～题型组合方面仍是填空和判断，难度直接减半，小伙伴们确保正确率的同时还需结合技巧把速度加快，争取赶上p2、p3的节拍！！！

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匹配手牵手，细节题型抖三抖，段落信息匹配微微挥一挥手，幸好还有填空来相救，小伙伴每次见到匹配立马爆炸，但只要题干考点识别准确，做题顺序灵机一动，抽象信息简要预判，匹配狂扫不是梦，当然技巧的灵活运用离不开大家扎实的同义替换基础，打好地基才能稳住不乱；文章是熟悉的生物类话题，内容多围绕海洋生态系统面临的威胁展开，例如过度捕捞、塑料污染、气候变化和海水酸化等问题，还会介绍保护海洋生物的具体措施，如建立海洋保护区、限制捕捞配额、推广可持续渔业以及国际合作机制。话题词汇还望大家一背就会，相关文章可以参考C7-Test 4-Passage 2 Endless Harvest以及C19-Test 4-Passage 2 Deep-sea mining啦～

单选题：

27. D

28. C

29. D

30. D

判断题：

31. NOT GIVEN

32. NO

33. NOT GIVEN

34. NO

35. YES

选词填空题：

36.B 

37.F

38.I

39.A

40.C

参考文章：The Costs of Brand Loyalty

A Londoner with a sudden urge for giant African snails could do worse than head to the bustling marketplace in Brixton, a part of south London that is home to many people from Africa. Markets like Brixton market that cater to migrants are testament to the fact that people often retain very strong preferences for the kinds of food they grew up eating. Just ask the expatriate Britons who flock to ‘Tea and Sympathy’ in New York’s Greenwich Village for pots of Marmite, a yeast based spread whose delights baffle other nationalities (and many of their own compatriots).

Past research has shown that people are often willing to pay much more for a favoured brand than for seemingly identical alternatives. It is not always obvious why. However, there is ample evidence to support the theory that certain food preferences form in childhood. Children have a predisposition to fear new foods, which is only overcome when they are repeatedly presented with, and encouraged to consume, a particular food. Evidence shows that children’s instinctive wariness of new foods dates back to the times when humans had to forage for food, and it was important that they learnt which foods were safe to eat. In the modern world, people routinely express a strong liking for a brand even though they are unable to tell the brand apart from rival brands in blind tests, and many studies have found that advertising alone cannot explain the strength of brand loyalty.

A new study by economists from the universities of Tilburg and Chicago tracks the consumption patterns of 38,000 US households over two years, and confirms the theory that such brand loyalty is widespread, deep and long-lasting. There were clear local patterns in consumption, although the same brands were available everywhere. But 16% of people studied were migrants: they had grown up in one state and moved to another. These migrants had the same options, in terms of what was on offer and at what price, as everyone else in their adopted home, but although they consumed local favourites they bought fewer than longtime residents. This gap between purchases of migrants and those of the locally born was quite stubborn: although it faded the longer a person lived in their new state, it still took 20 years to halve in magnitude. Even 50 years on, it was still large enough to show up in the data. This could mean that the benefits of being the first brand into a market could last longer than might he assumed.

David Atkin of Yale University has identified some important implications of local food favourites. He suggests in a recent paper that the effects of people being loyal to known brands may also lead economists to rethink the way they calculate the benefits resulting from trade. This is because opening up to trade is in some ways very similar to migrating, as it changes the composition and prices of the foods that are available to a person. In particular, trade can cause local foods to become relatively more expensive. Atkin’s data show something many economists do not take into account: when a traditional food has to compete with imported foods it may no longer be the cheapest food available for people to choose to eat. Atkin decided to look at this situation in the context of developing countries.

To illustrate his point, Atkin uses detailed data about people’s food choices in India. India is a good choice because it covers a large number of climatic zones where different specialised crops are grown. Despite being part of the same country, the prevalence of internal barriers to trade means that its regions are best thought of as being only partially open to trade. Atkin’s data show that the foods a region specialises in producing are instead cheaper in that region.

However, there has been some opening up of internal trade in India in recent years, and this has revealed that for every rupee spent on food, people’s intake of calories declined most in regions where prices in local favourite foods had risen. In theory, when there is a greater choice of types of food, people should adjust their food habits and purchase the cheapest option so that they boost their calorie intake. However, in practice, food habits mean that consumers keep buying the things they know and like even though these foods have become relatively expensive. Atkin calculates that if all barriers to internal trade in India were abolished, the average Indian household would have to generate a rise of 3.3 percent in income to maintain their calorie intake.

In developing countries where there is a high prevalence of undernutrition, such as in sub-Saharan Africa, the habit of continuing to eat favourite foods could have a serious effect on development. There is clear evidence that nutritional shortfalls in children can affect their ability to work and earn as adults, and also has detrimental effects on their long-term health.

Consequently, the nutritional declines that can occur as a result of the opening up of trade are of serious concern, because an entire generation that is malnourished as children will continue to suffer irreversible consequences for the rest of their lives.

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第三篇直接来了昔日老友，于2023年12月9日就与大家简短会面，时隔三年，还是格外耀眼～其实该类话题在剑桥雅思真题中出现过好多次，大家可以参考C14-Test 2-Passage 3 Why companies should welcome disorders来熟悉此类话题文章。此外这类话题还会涉及到：品牌发展历程，包括品牌的起源、发展阶段、市场策略等；品牌定位与传播，可能涉及品牌定位的目标市场、品牌形象的塑造、广告宣传等方面；品牌价值与消费者行为，可能讨论品牌忠诚度、品牌认知、品牌价值的构成等方面；品牌国际化与文化差异，可能讨论品牌适应不同文化背景的策略、品牌本土化等方面。题型的话还是p3的老熟人，哪怕单选微难，选词填空和判断稳稳拿下还是上岸利刃，即将要考的小伙伴们快去练习哦～

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In all countries there are some laws for divers to ensure safety on the roads. However, it is common for some people to break these laws (e.g., mobile phone use, speeding) What might be the reasons for this problem? What might be the best solution?

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