2019年8月24日雅思大作文题目

谁来资助医学研究？

Research into new types of medicine and treatments are essential for improving health and dealing with diseases. Who do you think should fund these researches: private companies, individuals or governments? 

解析&审题

本题问：医学研究需要经费，那么这个经费应该谁来出：私立公司、个人还是政府？

这个题显然不适合用“一边倒”模式，即在私立公司、个人和政府间做出一个的选择，因为我们知道：有些医学研究是企业和个人主导的（主要是利润驱动），而有些研究则是政府主导的（主要是公共健康驱动），而无论是利润驱动还是公共利益驱动，医学研究都有利于人类更好地生活。

因此，本题的基本思路就是分类讨论：不同类型的医学研究需要不同的经费来源。

以下请看老师的高分范文。

老师笔记

01、Modern medical advances have helped create new types of medicine andtreatment for diseases, and today people can enjoy longer and healthier lives. This has been made possible mainly by decades of huge investment in medical research funded by industry, individuals, and governments.

现代医学的进步帮助创造了治疗疾病的新药和治疗方法，今天人们可以享受更长和更健康的生命，这主要是因为数十年由行业、个人和政府资助的医学研究而取得的。

解析

（1） 本段先引出新药和新治疗方式这个话题，然后提出观点：医学上的进展与行业、个人和政府都有关系。

（2） Medical advances 医学进展

（3） Treatment 治疗（方式）

（4） Decades 数十年

02、On the one hand, many medical studies are funded by pharmaceutical companies directly and individuals indirectly. To begin with, companies need to increase the sales of newly developed drugs or treatments in order to generate adequateprofits. So, it would be in their best interest to directly finance research that favors their corporate goals. That is exactly why industry-funded clinical trials have risen sharply in recent years. Indirectly, individuals support medical science every day through taxes they pay as well as products and services they purchase from companies. For example, something as simple as buying a bottle of aspirin may help foot the bill for medical research.

一方面，许多医学研究是由制药公司直接资助和个人间接资助的。首先，公司需要增加新开发的药物和治疗方式的销售，以产生足够的利润。因此，直接资助有利于实现公司目标的研究符合他们的利益。这正是由行业资助的临床试验最近几年急剧上升的原因。间接而言，个人每天都通过纳税以及从公司购买产品和服务来支持医学科学。例如，买一瓶阿司匹林看起来很简单，但可能有助于支付医学研究的费用。

解析

（1） 本段论述私人公司为了利润可能直接资助医学研究，个人通过购买医疗服务也在间接支持医学研究。

（2） Pharmaceutical company 制药公司

（3） Newly-developed 新开发的

（4） Generate profits 产生利润

（5） In one’s interest 符合某人的利益

（6） Foot the bill for... 为......买单

03、On the other hand, government’s involvement in financing medical research, like any scientific research, is essential. While some say that private funding will perhaps ensure enough progress without government funding, a majority of people believe that government investment should play an important role in finding ways of preventing and treating human diseases such as cancer and diabetes, with theobjective of improving public health. The importance of government investment is that public funding is non-commercial, which means that research is independent and much less susceptible to profit-oriented bias. So government investment is extremely crucial, especially in fields where private companies or individuals are not willing to invest.

另一方面，政府参与资助医学研究，就像任何科学研究一样，是必不可少的。虽然有些人说，没有政府资助，私人资助也能确保取得足够的进展，但大多数人认为，为了提高公众健康，政府投资应发挥重要作用，以寻找预防和治疗人类疾病，如癌症和糖尿病。政府投资的重要性在于，公共资金是非商业的，这意味着研究是独立的，利润驱动的选择性对其影响要小得多。因此，政府投资是极其重要的，特别是在私人公司或个人不愿意投资的领域。

解析

（1） 本段讨论政府投资的重要性。

（2） Involvement 参与；涉及

（3） Ensure 确保

（4） A majority of 多数的

（5） Non-commercial 非商业性的

（6） Be susceptible to... 容易受到......影响的

04、From a financial perspective, private companies, individual consumers, and government departments are likely a mix of sources of funding for medical research. The increased human longevity and better health depend upon financial assistance from various sources for the innovation of new types of medicine and treatment.

从经费的角度来看，私人公司、个人消费者和政府部门合在一起，可能是医疗研究的资金来源。人类寿命的延长和健康取决于各种来源的经费援助，以创新新型药物和治疗方式。

解析

（1） 总结前文的主要观点，并提出各种渠道的资金来源都可用于医学研究。

（2） Mix 混合

（3） Longevity 寿命；长寿

（4） Financial assistance 资金支持

（5） Innovation 革新；创新

7分范文

Modern medical advances have helped create new types of medicine and treatment for diseases, and today people can enjoy longer and healthier lives. This has been made possible mainly by decades of huge investment in medical research funded by industry, individuals, and governments.

On the one hand, many medical studies are funded by pharmaceutical companies directly and individuals indirectly. To begin with, companies need to increase the sales of newly developed drugs or treatments in order to generate adequate profits. So, it would be in their best interest to directly finance research that favors their corporate goals. That is exactly why industry-funded clinical trials have risen sharply in recent years. Indirectly, individuals support medical science every day through taxes they pay as well as products and services they purchase from companies. For example, something as simple as buying a bottle of aspirin may help foot the bill for medical research.

On the other hand, government’s involvement in financing medical research, like any scientific research, is essential. While some say that private funding will perhaps ensure enough progress without government funding, a majority of people believe that government investment should play an important role in finding ways of preventing and treating human diseases such as cancer and diabetes, with the objective of improving public health. The importance of government investment is that public funding is non-commercial, which means that research is independent and much less susceptible to profit-oriented bias. So government investment is extremely crucial, especially in fields where private companies or individuals are not willing to invest.

From a financial perspective, private companies, individual consumers, and government departments are likely a mix of sources of funding for medical research. The increased human longevity and better health depend upon financial assistance from various sources for the innovation of new types of medicine and treatment.

（303 words）

建议背诵的句子

1. This has been made possible mainly by decades of huge investment in medical research funded by industry, individuals, and governments.

这主要是因为数十年由行业、个人和政府资助的医学研究而取得的。

2. To begin with, companies need to increase the sales of newly developed drugs or treatments in order to generate adequate profits. So, it would be in their best interest to directly finance research that favors their corporate goals.

首先，公司需要增加新开发的药物和治疗方式的销售，以产生足够的利润。因此，直接资助有利于实现公司目标的研究符合他们的利益。

3. While some say that private funding will perhaps ensure enough progress without government funding, a majority of people believe that government investment should play an important role in finding ways of preventing and treating human diseases such as cancer and diabetes, with the objective of improving public health.

虽然有些人说，没有政府资助，私人资助也能确保取得足够的进展，但大多数人认为，为了提高公众健康，政府投资应发挥重要作用，以寻找预防和治疗人类疾病，如癌症和糖尿病。

4. The importance of government investment is that public funding is non-commercial, which means that research is independent and much less susceptible to profit-oriented bias.

政府投资的重要性在于，公共资金是非商业的，这意味着研究是独立的，利润驱动的选择性对其影响要小得多。

5. The increased human longevity and better health depend upon financial assistance from various sources for the innovation of new types of medicine and treatment.

人类寿命的延长和健康取决于各种来源的经费援助，以创新新型药物和治疗方式。