雅思阅读文章的长度为800-1000字，题材内容涉及到很多专业的学科，包括社会科学和自然科学等多种题材，所以词汇量和词汇难度真心大，不学会同义替换，你就只能对着一堆看起来不认识的单词死磕。

 

 

而雅思阅读考试考察的重点之一就是语言转换，所以作为语言转换的最基本最重要的方式之一，同义词替换就显得极其重要了。
WordList 1 
mistakenview/misconception
错误的观点

destruction/destroy/loss/damage/ruin/undermine
毁坏

reason/cause/factor/origin/root/stimulus/impetus
原因

newspapers/television/media
媒体

habitat/dwelling/residence
居住地

getwarmer/global warming
变暖

curriculum/course/syllabus
课程 

mating/courtship
交配

volunteer/subject
实验研究对象

youngpeople/teenager/youth/teens/adolescent
年轻人

salary/pay/wage/income/earnings/fee
工资，收入

illness/disease/virus/bug/infection
疾病

connection/relationship/link/correlation
联系

insight/comprehension/understanding
理解，见解

hazard/risk/danger/threat
障碍，危险

 

WordList 2 
reduce/reduction/decrease/drop/fall/cut/slump/recession/diminish
减少；下降

class/type/kind/sort/style/category/variety
种类

rehearse/rehearsal/practice/training/run-through/exercise
排练，演习

surroundings/environment/circumstance/condition/situation
环境

poverty/being poor
贫穷

storage/keep/store/preserve 
存储

effort/totry very hard to do something/ attempt/campaign/drive
努力

planet/the world/earth/the globe 
地球

form/type /shape
形式

situation/circumstance/position/case/plight 
情况，状况

comment/remark/point/statement/announcement/declaration
评论

concern/worry/stress/anxiety/strain
关心，担心

purpose/aim/point/objective/object/goal/target
目的

field/area/branch/world/domain/realm/sphere
领域

influence/effect/impact /implications 
影响

 

WordList 3 
behavior/behave/well-behaved/manner/conduct
行为

liberty/freedom
自由 

independence/self-sufficiency/self-reliance
独立

timelimit/deadline
时间限制，期限

assistant/helper/coach
助手

rival/competitor 
对手，竞争者

fault/defect/problem/trouble/flaw/weakness/bug/virus
错误，缺点

cornerstone/basis/foundation/the key 
基石

contract/agreement/compromise 
合约

perception/idea/notion/view/belief/insight
认识，观念，看法

distortion/deformation
扭曲，曲解

intuition/instinct 
直觉

impetus/momentum/stimulus/incentive/motivation/encouragement
动机，动力

factor/reason/element/component/ingredient
因素

criterion/identification/standard/scale
标准

 

WordList 4 
advance/progress/development/growth
进步

field/domain/territory/industry/sector
领域

alternative/substitute/replacement
替代物

resource/material/source
资源，来源

superiority/advantage/high quality
优势

view/belief/opinion/insight/perception
观点

task/job/work/labor
任务，工作

exploitation/development/utilization/usage
利用，使用

outcome/result/conclusion/consequence
结果，后果

funding/money/funds/financialresource 
资金，基金

process/procedure
过程

military/battlefield/martia
军事

consciousness/awareness
意识

prospect/expectation/outlook/chance
展望，希望

community/organization/group/body
团体

 

WordList 5 
inhabitant/resident/dweller/population/citizen/local
居住者，居民

destination/goal/endpoint/terminus
目的地

output/product
输出，产品

fragment/shard/debris/pieces/ruins
碎片

cue/implication/reminder/hint/evidence
提示，信号，暗号

expertise/skill
专门技术

investigate/investigation/research/study/probe/lookinto/survey 
调查

fundedsupport/finance/bonus 
资金

athlete/sportsmenand women  
运动员 

event/championship
赛事

trade/economy
贸易

value/worth/price/credit/benefit/profit
价值

delivery/exportor import 
运输

nearbynations/geographic neighbors 
近邻

shipping/freight
船运

 

WordList 6 
cargo/freight/goods
货物

tariff/charge/fee/tax
税费

landscape/view/scenery/scene
风景

environment/nature/surrounding/circumstance
环境

essentialsupplies/food and clothing/necessities 
必需品

supply/provision/support
供给

respect/credibility/admiration/consideration
尊重

commute/travel
通勤

accommodation/live/livingcondition 
住宿

increase/surge/rise/gain/grow/goup/add/escalate 
上升

elderlypeople/old people 
老人

exercise/physicalactivity 
运动

handsignal/gesture/body language 
手势

concept/abstractidea/definition
定义

 

WordList 7 
quantity/howmany/amount 
数量

misunderstanding/confusion
误解

ancestor/earlypeople/predecessor 
祖先

actor/star
演员

storyline/narrative/plot
故事情节

feedback/comment/advice/criticism
反馈

reward/promotion/advancement/prize/benefit
奖励

achievement/attainment/success
成就

remuneration/payment
酬金

staff/employee/worker
员工

clericalworker/clerk 
文员

job/work/assignment

工作

people/mortal/people/individual
人

life/lifespan/durationof life 
生命

chance/likelihood/possibility/opportunity
机会

 

WordList 8 

production/generation/output
产量

hypothesis/guess/guesswork
猜想

drugcompany/pharmaceutical company 
医药公司

promotion/marketing
营销

technique/strategy/skill/expertise/method/way
技术

criticism/judgment/skepticism/disapproval/denunciation
批评

education/literacy/cultivation
教育

child/infant/kid
孩子

programme/campaign/project
项目

self-confidence/assertiveness
自信 

limb/armsor legs 
四肢

detection/find/observation
探测

revision/change/shift/reform/alteration
改进

official/authority/leader/supervisor
官员

request/demand/claim/petition/appeal
要求

 

看完上面的这部分同义替换词是不是觉得平时积累太少，没有掌握雅思阅读考试的核心。

 

要想阅读拿8分，掌握同义替换是步，但并不代表你背熟后阅读就能考8了。

最重要的是，还需要灵活运用和善于总结阅读题型的做题方法，针对不同题型能快速的反应题目是属于哪种同义替换。

下面我们就列举了部分不同的同意替换类型的做题思路给大家参考：
 
同义替换词，其实是雅思阅读考试中最常见的一种出题方式，很多时候这种一一对应的出题模式，考生会在填空类的题目中见得比较多，在填空类的题目中考生只要能够识别空格前后实词的同义替换，往往就可以轻松找到答案。

 

如：

题目：Children of average ability seem to need more direction from teachers because they do not have _______. 

原文：There appears to be a qualitative difference in the way the intellectually highly able think, compared with more average-ability or older pupils, for whom external regulation by the teacher often compensates for lack of internal regulation.

这个题目原文的句子对于有些考生来讲，应该难度挺难，不太好理解，但是，只要你注意并且识别同义替换， do not have= lack of，这样就可以做出答案了，答案是：internal regulation.
 
但是，你以为阅读考试中的所有同义替换都是这种方式吗？当然不可能。
 

举例1：

关于一件事情或观点，95%的人agree， 5%的disagree。 如果要改写这句话，怎么改呢？

如果你能这样改：The majority of people agree..., 说明你的词汇量很不错。但是，雅思阅读考试中很可能是这样呈现的: The overwhelming consensus is that....

关于consensus这个单词从后往前看：us(我们)+sense(感觉，感知)+con(一致；一起)：就是“共识”的意思。呈现出来就是：压倒性的共识是...

 

举例2：

关于一个发展变化：such developments have been criticised as..., but the success of other similar development suggests that the majority of the public does not share this opinion.

雅思考试中一般是这样改写的：Mixed views on the the change... 这里的mixed views到下次改写的时候，还有可能被考官改写成：conflicting views, 或是 opposing views about sth.  

 

举例3：

原文： We may envy geniuses’ achievement and fame, but we should also recognize the price they have paid in terms of perseverance, single-mindedness, dedication, restrictions on their personal lives, the demands upon their energies and time, and how often they had to display great courage to preserve their integrity or to make their way to the top.

你以为考官在改写的时候，会一个词一个词的把上面的句子都改写一遍吗？

他们会这样改写：Geniuses often pay a high price to achieve greatness. 这是一种类似summary样的同义替换方式，你get到了吗？
 
同义替换不熟悉，也是做题时有些考生定位不准而导致做题错误的原因。

 

如：

California has replaced a range of firefighting tools. (判断题)

这个判断题很多考生判断为NOT GIVEN，因为考生在文中读烂也没有发现tools这个词，就判断为NG。

但是文中，其实是有对应点的：California state promises to provide more up-to-date engines, planes, and helicopters to fight fires have been fulfilled.

题目中的firefighting tools其实考官同义替换了engines, planes, and helicopters 这些可以灭火的工具，这是一种上下义词之间的同义替换。

 

以上只是雅思阅读中部分同义替换的出题类型，还有让你们头疼的summary和heading题，才是硬伤。