填空部分

 

填空 25-3

2018/4/9

Recent scholarship has questioned the (i)_____ of tropical forests around the world. Archaeologists have shown, for example, that the largest contiguous tract of what was thought to be virgin rain forest in the southern Amazon had been transformed into a cultural parkland before European contact, and many of the forest islands in West Africa’s savanna forest transition zone are (ii)_____ as well.

 

A. diversity	D. isolated
B. naturalness	E. endangered
C. sustainability	F. anthropogenic

 

 

填空 111-6

2018/4/9

There is no sense trying to rehabilitate the reputation of the mosquito; nobody loves such a creature. But it’s (i)______ to (ii)______ all 2,600 described species of mosquito when it’s just 80 or so—3 percent that drink human blood. Among those 2,520 relatively (iii)______ kinds of mosquitoes, there’s even one we’d like to see in greater numbers: Taxorhynchites, the mosquito that eats other mosquitoes.

 

A. rare	D. malign	G. blameless
B. necessary	E. represent	H. pernicious
C. unfair	F.commend	I. valuable

 

 

填空 66-4

2018/4/9

In the popular conception, (i)_____ is inextricably tied up with (ii)_____: doing something truly creative, we are inclined to think, requires the freshness and energy of youth. Orson Welles made his masterpiece, Citizen Kane, at twenty-five, and Mozart wrote his breakthrough Piano concerto no.9 at twenty-one.

 

A. progress	D. serendipity
B. genius	E. precocity
C. destiny	F. dedication

 

填空 104-10

2018/4/9

Jaime Javier Rodriguez notes that popular art forms often conceal a daunting complexity: frequently what appears _____ becomes intricate and challenging when closely examined.

 

A. tedious

 

B. canned

 

C. convoluted

 

D. vacuous

 

E. tortuous

 

F. formulaic

 

 

填空 25-1

2018/4/9

In contrast to such sparsely populated terrestrial habitats as desert and tundra, the oceans _____ with a seemingly endless array of creatures.

 

A. teem

B. flow

C. evolve

D. roil

E. ebb

 

填空 65-7

2018/4/9

What they see in Jimenez is the one candidate capable of decisive leadership, in stark contrast to Diaz, whose team in office has been marred by _____.

 

A. defensiveness

B. corruption

C. irresolution

D. vacillation

E. belligerence

F. pugnacity

 

填空 77-3

2018/4/9

The virtual absence of cougars from late prehistoric faunas in the North American Great Basin (i)_____ a general scarcity of carnivores from these sites: bobcats, coyotes, and badgers are routinely found, and even such historically (ii)_____ carnivores as bears and wolves are found as well. 

 

A. largely parallels	D. widespread
B. does not reflect	E. rare
C. is a consequence of	F. representative

 

填空 5-4

2018/4/9

He was never (i)_____; he was nothing if not (ii)_____, so he forbore for the present to declare his passion.

 

A. chivalrous	D. boorish
B. impetuous	E. circumspect
C. thoughtful	F. spontaneous

 

数学部分

 

数学 1 

2018/4/9

Someone needs to import a number of sets of bottles. Each      bottle charges $12.04, and it also charges $4.8 for shipping each set (not      single bottle but a whole set). The standard deviation of numbers of      bottles in each set is 1.5. What is the standard deviation of the prices      for each set?

 

数学 2 

2018/4/9

一伙人家长和孩子去买门票和吃的，家长是20块钱一张票，小孩儿是十块钱一张票。然后家长和孩子的数量好像是相等的。一共花了420块钱。然后好像说是人均吃的和票花的是21块钱。问孩子和家长的买吃的钱是多少

 

数学 3 

2018/4/9

数字1575有多少个positive factors

 

数学4

2018/4/9

7的22次方被5除的余数和4做比较

 

数学 5 

2018/4/9

四个数，均值30，最小值28。求可能得值数的多少

 

数学 6

2018/4/9

If n is a integer, then what is the least possible value of 3ⁿ+3·3﹣ⁿ

 

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 10/3

E. 4

 

数学 7 

2018/4/9

一个绳子红色是截六段，然后蓝色是五段，一共绳子长度应该是30，然后问两个节的红和蓝色之间最短的距离是多少？

 

数学 8 

2018/4/9

有四个数字2，3，4，5,从中挑两个不同的数组成两位数，求问所有可以组成的两位数中是质数的个数。

 

【答案备选： 3，4，5，6，7】

 

数学 9 

2018/4/9

给了一个表格的数字，都在20-40左右。问下面哪个选项让标准方差减少得最多。

 

A. 所有数字减20

B. 所有数字减10

C. 所有数字除以2

D. 所有数字乘以0.1

E. 所有数字变成原来的80%

 

数学 10

2018/4/9

 

一个袋子里面有黑球和红球，其中里面有more than one red balls and 5 times as many black balls as red  balls. 从里面不放回的抽取五个球。问抽的球里面红球的个数 和 5 比大小

 

数学 11

2018/4/9

一个数是7^n，其个位数是9，问n可能是一下那些数

 

【备选答案101，102，103，104，105，106，108】

 

数学 12 

2018/4/9

调查了5500人一年每人读书的数量，其中with mean 等于19本，standard deviation 等于2. 问读书最多的880个人每年读多少书？

 

【单选题， 21 or more books】

 

数学 13 

2018/4/9

一个数在44-53之间（inclusive），这个数除以3余2，除以4余1，问这个数是多少

 

数学 14

2018/4/9

n is an odd positive integers ， n·(2^m)=160, 问n和m的大小

 

阅读部分

 

阅读-正文

Passage 11

2018/4/9

Before feminist literary criticism emerged in the 1970s, the nineteenth-century United States writer Fanny Fern was regarded by most critics (when considered at all) as a prototype of weepy sentimentalism—a pious, insipid icon of conventional American culture. Feminist reclamations of Fern, by contrast, emphasize her nonsentimental qualities, particularly her sharply humorous social criticism. Most feminist scholars find it difficult to reconcile Fern’s sardonic social critiques with her effusive celebrations of many conventional values. Attempting to resolve this contradiction, Harris concludes that Fern employed flowery rhetoric strategically to disguise her subversive goals beneath apparent conventionality. However, Tompkins proposes an alternative view of sentimentality itself, suggesting that sentimental writing could serve radical, rather than only conservative ends by swaying readers emotionally, moving them to embrace social change.

 

Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

 

阅读-选项

passage 11

2018/4/9

 

1.

The passage suggests which of the following about the contradiction mentioned in the highlighted sentence?

 

A. It was not generally addressed by critics before the 1970s.

 

B. It is apparent in only a small number of Ferns writings.

 

C. It has troubled many feminist critics who study Fern.

 

2. 
It can be inferred from the passage that Tompkins would be most likely to agree with which of the following about the critics mentioned in the passage?

 

A. They accurately characterize the overall result Fern is aiming to achieve.

 

B. They are not as dismissive of Fern as some feminist critics have suggested.

 

C. They exaggerate the extent to which Fern intended her writing to serve a social purpose.

 

D.They wrongly assume that sentimental must be a pejorative term.E. They fail to recognize the role that sentimental rhetoric plays to reader’s emotions. 

 

阅读-正文

Passage 33

2018/4/9

A primary value in early twentieth-century Modernist architectural theory was that of “truth to materials”, that is, it was essential that a building’s design express the “natural” character of the building materials. This emphasis would have puzzled the architects of the Italian Renaissance (sixteenth century), a period widely regarded as the apex of architectural achievement, for Renaissance architects’ designs were determined only minimally by the materials employed. The diversity of Italy’s natural resources provided Renaissance architects with a wide variety of building materials. The builders of the Pitti Palace (1558-1570) used great blocks of Tuscan stone, just as Etruscans living in the same part of Italy had done some twenty centuries earlier. Had the Florentine Renaissance builders aped the Etruscan style, it might be said that their materials determined their style, since Etruscan style matched the massive, stark, solid character of the stone. But these same materials, which so suited the massive Etruscan style, were effectively used by the Florentine Renaissance to create the most delicate and graceful of styles.

 

A similar example of identical materials used in contrasting styles characterizes the treatment of Roman travertine marble. When Baroque architects of seventeenth-century Rome desired a massive and solid monumental effect, they turned to travertine marble, whose “natural effect” is, indeed, that of spacious breadth and lofty, smoothly rounded surfaces. Yet during the Renaissance, this same material had been used against its “nature,” in the Florentine tradition of sharply carved detail. Italian Renaissance architecture was shaped less by the “nature” of the materials at hand than by the artistic milieu of Renaissance Italy, which included painting and sculpture as well as architecture. While Roman travertine marble may have lent itself to fine carving, the Florentine passion for fine detail is no less marked in Florentine Renaissance painting than in Florentine Renaissance architecture. Similarly, in the next century, the emphasis on shading and corporeal density in Baroque painting mirrored the use of Roman travertine marble in Baroque architecture to create broad shadow and powerful masses.

 

The ingenuity of Renaissance architects extended beyond merely using a material in a way not suggested by its outward natural appearance. If they conceived a design that called for a certain material either too expensive or difficult to work with, they made no scruple about imitating that material. Their marbles and their stones are often actually painted stucco. When the blocks of masonry with which they built were not in scale with the projected scheme, the real joints were concealed and false ones introduced. Nor were these practices confined, as some scholars insist, to the later and supposedly decadent phases of the art. Material, then, was utterly subservient to style.

 

阅读-选项

passage 33

2018/4/9

1. 
The passage is primarily concerned with

 

A. explaining the differences in quality among different kinds of building materials

 

B. discussing the differences among Etruscan, Florentine Renaissance, and Roman Baroque architecture

 

C. describing how different materials influenced architecture in different cities

 

D. describing the manner in which Renaissance architects often resorted to artificial materials and illusionistic effectsE. demonstrating the attitude of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Italian architects toward the use of building materials 

 

2. 

It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that which of the following is true of painting and architecture of the Baroque era?

 

A. Both emphasize the “natural” use of materials.

 

B. Both are derived from the Florentine Renaissance style.

 

C. Both have been overlooked by twentieth-century Modernists.

 

D. They have certain visual features in common.E. They illustrate the degeneration of a style. 

 

3. 

The author’s mention of Florentine Renaissance painting serves in the context of the passage to support which of the following assertions?

 

A. The constraints that operate in architecture are different from those that operate in painting

 

B. Florentine architectural style was not determined by the nature of the available marble.

 

C. The Florentine Renaissance period was a period in which the other arts achieved the same distinction as did architecture.

 

D. Technical advances in all of the arts of the Florentine Renaissance determined the stylistic qualities of those arts.

 

E. Native preferences of style do not manifest themselves in the same ways in different arts.

 

4. 
The passage suggests which of the following about the cited “scholars”?

 

A. They believe that a decadent phase is characteristic of any significant artistic movement.

 

B. They reject the popular view of the Renaissance as the apex of architectural achievement.

 

C. They believe that a vigorous and healthy architecture would not usually employ false surfaces or imitation building materials.

 

D. They represent the mainstream in critical and historical thought about the Florentine Renaissance.

 

E. They have focused on such technical matters as the cost of building materials rather than on artistic concerns.

 

 

阅读-正文

Passage 59

2018/4/9

Recent studies of ancient Maya water management have found that the urban architecture of some cities was used to divert rainfall runoff into gravity-fed systems of interconnected reservoirs. In the central and southern May Lowlands, this kind of water control was necessary to support large populations throughout the year due to the scarcity of perennial surface water and the seasonal availability of rainfall. Some scholars argue that the concentration of water within the urban core of these sites provided a centralized source of political authority for Maya elites based largely on controlled water access. Such an argument is plausible, however, it is less useful for understanding the sociopolitical implications of water use and control in other, water-rich parts of the Maya region.

 

阅读-选项

passage 59

2018/4/9

1.
The author of the passage implies which of the following about the political importance of the type of urban water management system described in the passage?

 

A. Because the system was centralized, it allowed political control over a widely scattered population.

 

B. The knowledge required to design and maintain the system became the pretext for Maya elites’ political authority.

 

C. By selectively limiting access to water, Maya elites used the system to curb challenges to their authority

 

D. The system is not sufficient to explain the sources of centralized political power in all parts of the Maya region

 

E. The system’s continued maintenance required political authorities to exert control over an increasing proportion of economic resources.

 

 

Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

 

2.

According to the passage, which of the following is true of the water management systems in the central and southern Maya Lowlands?

 

A. They were implemented in part because of the prevailing pattern of rainfall.

 

B. They were an integral part of lowland cities’ architecture.

 

C. They were needed because of insufficient resources such as ponds, rivers and lakes in the lowlands.

 

 

阅读-正文

Passage 115

2018/4/9

Although the passenger pigeons, now extinct, were abundant in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century America, archaeological studies at twelfth-century Cahokian sites in the present day United States examined household food trash and found that traces of passenger pigeon were quite rare. Given that the sites were close to a huge passenger pigeon roost documented by John James Audubon in the nineteenth century and that Cahokians consumed almost every other animal protein source available, the archaeologists conducting the studies concluded the passenger pigeon population had once been very limited before increasing dramatically in post-Columbian America. Other archaeologists have criticized those conclusions on the grounds that passenger pigeon bones would not be likely to be preserved. But all the archaeological projects found plenty of bird bones and even tiny bones from fish.

 

 

阅读-选项

passage 115

2018/4/9

1. 
The author of the passage mentions “tiny bones from fish” primarily in order to

 

A. explain why traces of passenger pigeon are rare at Cahokian sites

 

B. support a claim about the wide variety of animal proteins in the Cahokian diet

 

C. provide evidence that confirms a theory about the extinction of the passenger pigeon

 

D. cast doubt on the conclusion reached by the archaeologists who conducted the studies discussed in the passage

 

E. counter an objection to an interpretation of the data obtained from Cahokian sites

 

2. 
Which of the following, if true, would most call into question the reasoning of “the archaeologists conducting the studies”?

 

A. Audubon was unable to correctly identify twelfth-century Cahokian sites

 

B. Audubon made his observations before passenger pigeon populations began to decline.

 

C. Passenger pigeons would have been attracted to household food trash

 

D. Archaeologist have found passenger pigeon remains among food waste at eighteenth-century human settlements

 

E. Passenger pigeons tended not to roost at the same sites for very many generations

 

 

阅读-正文

Passage 134

2018/4/9

An influential early view held that ecosystems contain niches for a limited number of species and that competition for resources among species—whether native or nonnative invading ones—determines ecosystems’ species composition. However, factors other than competition often help explain invading species’ success. For example, the American grey squirrel, often cited as a classic example of competitively superior invading species, was introduced in England in 1876 and now thrives, while the native red squirrel population has declined. Although scientists have found gray squirrels to be more efficient foragers than red ones, they also note that even before the gray squirrel’s arrival, Britain’s red squirrel populations had a periodic tendency to die out, only to be subsequently reintroduced. Furthermore, many gray squirrels are silent carriers of a disease fatal to red squirrels.

 

阅读-选项

passage 134

2018/4/9

1. 
It can be inferred that the author of the passage mentions the efficiency with which gray squirrels forage primarily in order to

 

A. identify a factor that explains a certain phenomenon

 

B. call attention to an inconsistency in a particular theory

 

C. suggest that competition cannot be the factor responsible for a particular outcome

 

D. acknowledge a fact that appears to support a view that the author intends to qualify

 

E. cite evidence that is not consistent with an early influential view about species competition

 

2. 
It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the “early view?”

 

A. It reflects a mistaken assumption about the means by which nonnative species are introduced into ecosystems.

 

B. Its basic premise is shown to be valid by the effect of American gray squirrels on Britain’s red squirrel population.

 

C. It presents a simplistic picture of the means by which species composition within ecosystems is determined.

 

D. It can effectively explain the formation of ecosystems that contain few species but cannot adequately account for the formation of complex ecosystems.

 

E. It understates the importance of competition as a factor determining species composition within ecosystems.

 

 

阅读-正文

Passage 160

2018/4/9

The Great Sphinx is a huge statue in Egypt that has a lion’s body with a man’s head. The face of the Sphinx has long been claimed to be that of pharaoh Khafre, who lived around 2600 B.C., but it cannot be: erosion patterns recently discovered on the lion’s legs can only have been caused by heavy rains, and the Sahara has not had heavy rains in over 10,000 years.

 

 

阅读-选项

passage 160

2018/4/9

1.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
 

A. The face of the Sphinx bears a resemblance to the faces on certain stylized statues dating from both before and after the reign of Khafre.

 

B. Other erosion patterns that appear on the body of the Sphinx are of a sort that could be caused by wind and sand alone

 

C. Other than the Sphinx, there are no surviving sculptures that have been claimed to portray the face of Khafre.

 

D. In the last 10,000 years the climate of Egypt has been so dry that even rains that are not heavy have been extremely infrequent.

 

E. The face of the Sphinx is small relative to the rest of the head, indicating that the face may have been recarved long after the Sphinx was built.

 

阅读-正文

Passage 215

2018/4/9

W.E.B. Du Bois’ exhibit of African American history and culture at the 1900 Paris Exposition Universelle attracted the attention of a world of sociological scholarship whose value his work challenged. Du Bois believed that Spencerian sociologists failed in their attempts to gain greater understanding of human deeds because their work examined not deeds but theories and because they gathered data not to affect social progress but merely to theorize. In his exhibit, Du Bois sought to present cultural artifacts that would shift the focus of sociology from the construction of vast generalizations to the observation of particular, living individual elements of society and the working contributions of individual people to a vast functioning social structure. 

 

 

阅读-选项

passage 215

2018/4/9

1. 
The passage implies that Du Bois attributed which of the following beliefs to Spencerian sociologists?

 

A. Theorizing is important to the understanding of human actions

 

B. Vast generalizations have limited value.

 

C. Data gathering is a relatively unimportant part of sociological research.

 

D. Sociology should focus on the living elements of society rather than cultural artifacts.

 

E. Particulars are more important than universals.

 

答案：A

 

 

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

 

2. 
The passage implies that Du Bois believed which of the following statements about sociology? 

A. It should contribute to the betterment of society.

B. It should study what people actually do.

C. It should focus on how existing social structures determine individual behavior.

 

答案：AB

 

阅读-正文

Passage 230

2018/4/9

In the shallow end of Lake Tomwa, there are remains of numerous Jeffery pine trees that grew there during a lengthy drought. Researchers had believed that this drought lasted at least 150 years, but carbon dating reveals that pines were growing in the lake bed for only 120 years, from 1200 until 1320. Since the Jeffrey pines, which cannot survive in water, must have died at the end of the drought, the dating shows that the drought lasted less than 150 years. 

 

阅读-选项

passage 230

2018/4/9

1.

The argument given relies on which of the following as an assumption?

 

A. No other species of tree started growing in the bed of Lake Tomwa after 1200.

 

B. No tree remains of any kind are present at the bottom of deeper parts of Lake Tomwa.

 

C. There was at least one tree in the lake bed that was alive for the entire period from 1200 to 1320.

 

D. There has not been a more recent drought that caused a drying up of the shallow end of the lake.

 

E. The shallow end of the lake had been dry for less than 30 years by the time Jeffrey pines started growing in the lake bed.

 

答案：E