填空部分

填空 15-10

Wilson is wont to emphasize the _____ of ants, how ants with full stomachs will regurgitate liquid food for those without , or how the old will fight so the young can survive.

A. beneficence

B. altruism 

C. unpredictability

D. intelligence

E. fecundity

F. fertility

 

填空 17-9 

Explorers could not build each other’s knowledge if they could not trust records of previous explorers; thus exploration depended on the _____ of those who had gone before.

A. collegiality

B. endurance

C. exactitude

D. meticulousness

E. eminence

F. tenacity

填空 53-3 

Knowing how (i)_____ she was at work, her colleagues were surprised at her (ii)_____ throughout the dinner.
A. dependable
D. timidity
B. diffident
E. assertiveness
C. diligent
F. punctiliousness

填空 44-5 

A transformative scientific idea that emerged in the eighteenth century was the realization that slow, inexorable geological processes follow the basic laws of physics and chemistry. This seems (i)_____ conclusion in hindsight, but its implication—that geological processes in the distant past must have (ii)_____ these very same laws—was (iii)_____ geologists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

A.an obvious
D. followed
G. evident to
B.a significant
E. preceded
H. overlooked by
C. a controversial
F. entailed
I. revolutionary for

填空 49-7

While normal floods resulting from usual monsoon rainfall are _____ the growth of crops, recently there has been an increase in the frequency of high-intensity floods that do not have such welcome effects.

A. conducive to

B. hindered by

C. devastating for

D. deleterious for

E. essential for

F. indispensable to

填空 120-7 

Because the political situation seriously impeded international communication, French scientific research was at that time uncharacteristically _____.

A. biased

B. insular

C. competitive

D. misleading

E. deceptive

F. parochial

填空 3-9 

In mathematics, judgments about the validity of proofs are mediated by peer-reviewed journals; to ensure _____, reviewers are carefully chosen by journal editors, and the identity of scholars whose papers are under consideration are kept secret.

A. timelessness

B. originality

C. fairness

D. comprehensiveness

E. objectivity

F. novelty

 

数学部分

数学 1 
A和B和另外5个人排队照相，A在最中间三个位置，B和A挨着，问7个人一共有多少种排列方式

数学 2 
把5个一样的东西放到3个不同的盒子里，有多少种放法

数学 3 
一共10个正整数，每个数字出現不超过2次，总和是101，问能取到的数是多少

数学4
一个平面內有三点M, N, P. 选项A问能穿过三点的线的个数，选项B是

数学 5 
a1=2，a2=3，当n≥3时，an=an-1×an-2，问a8的值

数学 6
xyz三个整数在-10和10（inclusive）之间，问(x-y)/z的最小值

数学 7 
1234567891011……499500有多少位数

数学 8 
比较89！-88！-87！和882×87！

数学 9 
一个集合是从-50到50的所有奇数，另外一个集合是从10到30，先求交集，再求交集的平均数

数学 10
数字1575有多少个positive factors

数学 11
X和Y两个事件随机出现，一共出现7次，如果次出现X，那么下一次还出现X的概率是0.3，如果次出现Y，那么下一次还出现Y的概率是0.4。如果第五次出现的是X，那么第七次出现的是X的概率是多少

数学 12 
用0，1，2，3，4这5个数字（不重复）组成4位数，要求是3的倍数，问有多少种可能

阅读部分

阅读-正文
Passage 8

An alarming number of Mediterranean monk seals, an endangered species, have recently died. Postmortem analysis showed the presence of an as yet unidentified virus, as well as evidence of a know bacterial toxin. Seawater samples from the area where the seals died did contain unusually high concentrations of the toxic bacterium. Therefore, although both viruses and bacterial toxins can kill seals, it is more likely that these deaths were the result of the bacterial toxin. 

阅读-选项
passage 8

1.Which of the following, if true, provides additional evidence to support the conclusion?

A. Viruses are much more difficult to identify in postmortem analysis than bacteria are. 

B. Mediterranean monk seals are the only species of seal in the area where the bacterium was found.

C. The bacterium is almost always present in the water in at least small concentrations. 

D. Nearly all the recent deaths were among adult seals, but young seals are far more susceptible to viruses than are adult seals.

E. Several years ago, a large number of monk seals died in the same area as a result of exposure to a different bacterial toxin. 

阅读-正文
Passage 102

A divide between aesthetic and technical considerations has played a crucial role in mapmaking and cartographic scholarship. Since nineteenth century cartographers, for instance, understood themselves as technicians who did not care about visual effects, while others saw themselves as landscape painters. That dichotomy structured the discipline of the history of cartography. Until the 1980s, in what Blakemore and Harley called “the Old is Beautiful Paradigm,” scholars largely focused on maps made before 1800, marveling at their beauty and sometimes regretting the decline of the pre-technical age. Early mapmaking was considered art while modern cartography was located within the realm of engineering utility. Alpers, however, has argued that this boundary would have puzzled mapmakers in the seventeenth century, because they considered themselves to be visual engineers.

阅读-选项
passage 102

1. According to the passage, Alpers would say that the assumptions underlying the “paradigm” were

A. inconsistent with the way some mapmakers prior to 1800 understand their own work

B. dependent on a seventeenth-century conception of mapmaking visual engineering

C. unconcerned with the difference between the aesthetic and technical questions of mapmaking

D. insensitive to divisions among cartographers working in the period after 1800

E. supported by the demonstrable technical superiority of mapmaking made after 1800

2. It can be inferred from the passage that, beginning in the 1980s, historians of cartography

A. placed greater emphasis on the beauty of maps made after 1800

B. expanded their range of study to include more material created after 1800

C. grew more sensitive to the way mapmakers prior to 1800 conceived of their work

D. came to see the visual details of maps as aesthetic objects rather than practical cartographic aids

E. reduced the attention they paid to the technical aspects of mapmaking

 

阅读-正文
Passage 80

Shoreland County recently purchased an area of wilderness land in the county to prevent it from being developed. In doing so, the county has forfeited all future property taxes on this land. Property taxes are assessed on market value, and if developed, the land would have contributed significantly to the county’s overall annual tax revenue. Because of the purchase, therefore, overall annual tax revenue will be lower than it would have been if development had occurred.

阅读-选项
passage 80

1.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. The money the county would have had to expend for services to residences or industry developed on the wilderness land would have exceeded the tax revenue from the developed land.

B. The market value of undeveloped properties in Shoreland County will not increase significantly in the foreseeable future.

C. The property taxes received by Shoreland County from the previous owners of the wilderness area were insignificant relative to the county’s overall annual tax revenue.

D. Land near the area bought by the county will not increase significantly in market value as a result of being near wilderness that is protected from development.

E. Shoreland County will not in the foreseeable future prevent the development of any other land in the county.

阅读-正文
Passage 127

Most seismologists assume that following a major earthquake and its aftershocks, the fault (a break in Earth’s crust where pressure can trigger an earthquake) will remain quiet until stresses have time to rebuild, typically over hundreds or thousands of years. Recent evidence of subtle interactions between earthquakes may overturn this assumption, however. According to the stress-triggering hypothesis, faults are unexpectedly responsive to subtle stresses they acquire as neighboring faults shift. Rather than simply dissipating, stress relieved during an earthquake travels along the fault, concentrating in sites nearby; even the smallest additional stresses may then trigger another quake along the fault or on a nearby fault. Although scientists have long viewed such subtle interactions as nonexistent, the hypothesis has explained the location and frequency of earthquakes following several destructive quakes in California, Japan, and Turkey.

阅读-选项
passage 127

1. According to the passage, which of the following is an assumption that may be invalidated by recent seismological evidence?

A. Earthquakes are caused by stresses building up in faults within Earth’s crust.

B. Most major earthquakes can be predicted with reasonable accuracy.

C. Faults are highly responsive to even minor stresses in neighboring faults.

D. Most major earthquakes are followed by predictable aftershocks.

E. A fault that has resulted in a major earthquake becomes quiet for a long period.

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

2.The passage suggests that most seismologists believe which of the following about fault stresses?

A. They are dissipated when they result in an earthquake.

B. They are transferred between neighboring faults.

C. They will not cause a major earthquake along the same fault in the space of a few years.

 

阅读-正文
Passage 178

For most of the twentieth century, scholars generally accepted the proposition that nations are enduring entities that predated the rise of modern nation-states and that provided the social and cultural foundations of the state. This perspective has certainly been applied to Korea; most historians have assumed that the Korean nation has existed since the dawn of historical time. In recent years, however, Western scholars have questioned the idea of the nation as an enduring entity. Both Gellner and Anderson have argued, in their studies of European, Latin American, and Southeast Asian cases, that the nation is strictly a modern phenomenon, a forging of a common sense of identity among previously disparate social groups through the propagandizing efforts of activities of the modern state. In short, it was the state that created the nation, not the other way around.

Younger Koreanists, with Em prominent among them, have begun to apply this approach to Korea. These scholars, noting the isolated nature of village life in premodern Korea and the sharp difference in regional dialects, suggest that ordinary villagers could not possibly have thought of themselves as fellow countrymen of villagers in other regions. These scholars also not the elites, conversely, often had outward-looking, universalistic orientations, as did aristocracies elsewhere, such as in premodern Europe. Finally, they observe that the very word for “nation” in Korean, minjok, is a neologism first employed by Japanese scholars as translation of the Western concept and that it was first appropriated by Korean activists in the early twentieth century. They argue, therefore, that a Korean “nation” came into being only after that time.

In short, in the case of Korea we have an argument between “primordialists”, who contend that nations are natural and universal units of history, and “modernists”, who assert that nations are historically contingent products of modernity. The positions of both groups seem problematic. It seems unlikely that in the seventh century the peoples of the warring states of Koguryo, Peakche, and Shilla all thought of themselves as members of a larger “Korean” collectivity. On the other hand, the inhabitants of the Korean peninsula had a much longer history —well over one thousand years—as a unified political collectivity than did the peoples studied by Gellner and Anderson. Not only does the remarkable endurance of the Korean state imply some sort of social and cultural basis for that unity, but the nature of the premodern Korean state as a centralized bureaucratic polity also suggests the possibility that the organizational activities of the state may have created a homogenous collectivity with a sense of shared identity much earlier than happened in the countries of western Europe that provide the model for “modernist” scholarship.

阅读-选项
passage 178

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to 

A. evaluate two competing views regarding the origin of the Korean nation

B. rebut a controversial perspective on the origin of the Korean nation

C. question the idea of the Korean nation as an enduring entity

D. consider the influence of the modernist positon on younger Koreanists

E. explain some of the unique features of the Korean nation

2. Select the sentence in the third paragraph that provides some information that supports the position of younger Koreanists regarding the creation of the Korean nation.

3.The author would probably agree with which of the following statements regarding the work of Gellner and of Anderson?

A. Neither Gellner’s nor Anderson’s work has had a significant influence on the study of the Korean nation.

B. Their argument that the nation is a strictly modern phenomenon does not hold in the case of Korea.

C. Both of them have downplayed the propagandizing efforts of Korean intellectuals as a means of forging a Korean identity.

D. Both of them have exaggerated the homogenizing impact of the state as a factor in the case of nations.

E. Both them have overestimated the extent to which disparate social groups find a common sense of identity through belonging to the same nation.

4. According to the author of the passage, a difference between Korea and the “European, Latin American, and Southeast Asian cases” has to do with

A. the extent of the differences among various regional dialects prior to the establishment of a  national language

B. the number of disparate social groups that existed prior to the creation of a national identity

C. when a nationally unified political entity came into existence

D. whether the bureaucratic state played a role in the creation of the nation

E. the extent to which the creation of the nation fostered significantly greater social and cultural unity

阅读-正文
Passage 193

In 1995, after an absence of nearly 70 years, wolves were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park. During the wolf-free era, heavy browsing of aspen trees by elk populations spelled doom not only for trees themselves but for a host of other creatures dependent on them, such as beavers, whose population in Yellowstone crashed after wolves were removed. Without beavers to create ponds, wetland ecosystems--aquatic plants, amphibians, birds--were devastated. When wolves returned, grazers and browsers resumed normal patterns of behaviors, preferring safer, open areas over the dense cover and streamsides where carnivores can lurk. Keeping elk wary and on the move, wolves gave aspen and other young trees the opportunity to grow and become reestablished.

阅读-选项
passage 193

1. The passage asserts which of the following about beaver populations in Yellowstone?

A. They have rebounded since the reintroduction of wolves.

B. They were adversely affected by the feeding habits of elk population.

C. They increased during the period when wolves disappeared from the park.

D. They have historically had an adverse effect on the park's wetland ecosystems.

E. They are essential to the health of the park's aspen trees.

2. The author would most likely agree with which of the following claims about the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone?

A. It indirectly harmed some of the park's amphibian habitats

B. It reduced the number of elk feeding along streamsides

C. It led to greater species diversity among the park's grazers and browsers.

D. It significantly increased competition for food among the park's carnivores.

E. It fostered the resurgence of tree species that once flourished in the park's open areas.