考前急救 | 面对2019年12月SAT考试，写作“磨枪抱脚”之一二技（二）

以我们的作文的（主体部分的）个段落（应对材料文的、二段）为例，主要学习两个关键写作内容：

● 对于材料文内容的Summary（文中红色部分）

● 对于材料文写作的Analysis（文中蓝色部分）

The essay begins with a rather straightforward statement that America’s declining bird populations are an early warning of much bigger ecosystem disruptions that would be consequential to the whole country. Warned by the decline, the author then points out that America should make more efforts to protect the habitats of birds—America’s farms and ranches. At this point, the author uses a technique—personification: the call for help and protection, as “(the birds)’re telling us that we need to do more. Paragraph Two specifies about the population plunge by naming two species, Eastern Meadowlark and Henslow’s Sparrow, which have suffered immense diminishing populations. The slumps are well substantiated by the alarming statistical facts as indisputable evidence.

小总结：

在我们的作文里Analysis的内容篇幅不一定就是要多于Summary，全看材料文是什么样的了。

再以我们的作文的（主体部分的）第二个段落（应对材料文的第三、四、五、六、七、八段）为例：

● 对于材料文内容的Summary（文中红色部分）

● 对于材料文写作的Analysis（文中蓝色部分）

The author remains optimistic in the face of the ecological adversity, as hesees “bright spots”. He points out that the rebounding local sub-population, exemplified bythe tremendous growth in the Henslow’s Sparrows’ population, is credited to Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), and, by quoting a report and using diverse statistics—percentages, sizes and numbers, the author then recognizes the many other remarkable achievements of the farm bill CRP, such as encouraging landowners to adopt sustainable farming and breeding and expanding bird habitat. However, there is a turning of the situation, as the authors says the “gains are at risk” in the single-sentence Paragraph 6. Through the transition, the author moves to the crisis the farm bill faces, which are the political divergence and the political powers’ financial act that will lead to the serious shrinkage of conservation reserve lands.

小总结：

1）我们的作文虽然可能覆盖材料文的多个段落和极大篇幅，但是我们自己的作文的篇幅不一样就对应的很长。

2）我们自己的作文在分析的时候，可能分析作者的态度（remains optimistic）、论证方式（exemplify，quoting a report and using diverse statistics）、材料文的结构和脉络 (a turning of the situation, the transition, moves to)。

以我们的作文的（主体部分的）第三个段落（应对材料文的第九、十、十一、十二段）为例：

● 对于材料文内容的Summary（文中红色部分）

● 对于材料文写作的Analysis（文中蓝色部分）

As is stated clearly, the influence of CRPs extends beyond the benefits for birds and to agriculture, as many CRPs promote and pay for the transitioning to sustainable agriculture. The author uses an example thatwater is cleansed and purified in which specific numbers are given to illustrate the benefit. Immediately, the author points out the current wide coverage of CRPs is however inadequate, since there are still a number of problems—the case of the plantings in the Corn Belt and the dreadful depletion of oxygen in the waters of the Gulf of Mexicoas examples. Further, it is suggested that the 2013 farm bill plays a pivotal role in the existence ofreserve programs of other types of lands and decides the federal government’s longtime dedication to farmland conservation. In Paragraph 12, it is suggested that the farm bill is much needed by American farms, and the high popularity of the bill is illustrated by the case that new landowner sign-ups for the funding typically exceed the governmental quota.

小总结：

我们自己的作文在分析的时候，会遇到一些模棱两可的界于summary和analysis之间的内容（黄色高亮部分），这一部分内容不是纯粹的材料文的内容概要，但也不是我们从读者的角度作出的外部分析，而是一种“解读：穿透材料文作者的字面意思，去理解作者的潜台词和暗示”。